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# 3 Laser Modalities Evaluated for Burn Scar Pliability and Texture Improvement
- URL: https://www.scar-healing.com/laser-therapy-for-burn-scars/
- Published: 2026-09-10T02:14:16.000Z
- Updated: 2026-10-13T22:32:51.000Z
- Description: Three lasers do three different jobs on a burn scar: fractional CO2 releases tight collagen, pulsed dye calms redness, Er:YAG smooths texture. Here is how they compare, how many sessions to expect, and when to start.
- Author: The Scar Healing Editorial Team
- Tags: Burn Scars, Laser Treatment, Professional Treatment, Scar Treatment, Contracture Scars

## Which burn scars are good candidates for laser

Laser therapy for burn scars improves tissue pliability, vascularity, and surface texture through targeted photo-electric modalities. Fractional CO2 lasers create microthermal zones that vaporize dense collagen bands and stimulate organized remodeling to reduce thickness and release contractures. Pulsed dye lasers (PDL) selectively photocoagulate aberrant microvessels to diminish erythema and inflammatory signaling, while Erbium:YAG lasers smooth epidermal irregularities. Together, these technologies offer significant functional and aesthetic improvements for fibrotic, symptomatic tissue.

Understanding the structural presentation of different [types of burn scars](https://www.scar-healing.com/scar-types/burn/) helps clinicians identify candidates for laser intervention. Thermal, chemical, and electrical injuries disrupt normal skin architecture, frequently leading to hypertrophic scarring and contractures across mobile joints. In daily clinical management, [non-surgical burn scar options](https://www.scar-healing.com/non-surgical-burn-scars-complete-guide/)—including compression therapy, silicone sheeting, and topical therapies—remain frontline conservative interventions, yet they frequently leave residual stiffness and textural irregularities.

![pathophysiology of burn scar remodeling and laser intervention](https://storage.googleapis.com/ai-templates.appspot.com/temp_images/9e85a6454b88440281baf9a8fe974a69.png "pathophysiology of burn scar remodeling and laser intervention")

Photo-electric technologies provide targeted mechanical and thermal stimuli to modify structural pathology. Patients with thick, raised scars that impair joint excursion, or those dealing with persistent erythema and severe functional limits, demonstrate substantial clinical benefit from laser-assisted scar remodeling ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

### Why burn scars turn thick and raised

The microscopic landscape of a burn scar differs fundamentally from healthy dermis:

- **Fibroblast Hyperactivity:** Uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation leads to an excessive, disorganized extracellular matrix.
- **Collagen Type Disparity:** While normal skin displays a balanced ratio of organized type I collagen bundles, hypertrophic scars contain packed whorls of immature type III collagen fibers.
- **Microvascular Proliferation:** Sustained angiogenesis creates hypervascular tissue with elevated microvessel density, resulting in prominent erythema and scar warmth.
- **Myofibroblast Activity:** Persistent alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts drive continuous contraction, pulling the surrounding tissue taut and restricting flexibility.
- **Neurogenic Inflammation:** Trapped cutaneous nerve fibers, combined with chronic mast cell degranulation, release substance P and histamines, driving intractable post-burn pruritus and neuropathic pain.

## How different lasers work on burn scars

Modern laser therapy relies on the principle of *selective photothermolysis*—delivering light energy at specific wavelengths to heat target structures (chromophores like water or hemoglobin) while sparing surrounding healthy tissue ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)). In scar management, this allows targeted remodeling through microscopic treatment zones.

Selecting among [advanced laser treatments](https://www.scar-healing.com/treatments/laser/) requires matching the scar's primary physical deficit—excess thickness, intense redness, or superficial roughness—with the correct optical wavelength.

| Laser Modality                           | Primary Wavelength        | Target Chromophore                   | Key Structural Mechanism                                                       | Primary Clinical Indication                                              |
| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **Fractional CO₂ Laser**                 | 10,600 nm                 | Water (Intracellular / Interstitial) | Micro-ablation, deep thermal vaporization, matrix remodeling                   | Thick, rigid hypertrophic scars and severe contractures                  |
| **Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL)**               | 595 nm                    | Oxyhemoglobin                        | Selective photocoagulation, capillary thrombosis, ischemia-mediated remodeling | Bright erythema, hypervascularity, early proliferative scars             |
| **Erbium:YAG (Ablative / Non-Ablative)** | 2,940 nm / 1,540–1,550 nm | Water                                | Superficial thermal coagulation or precision epidermal vaporization            | Superficial dermal texture, mild dyschromia, minimal-downtime remodeling |

### Fractional CO2 laser for deep scars

Fractional ablative carbon dioxide lasers emit infrared light at a wavelength of 10,600 nm. Because water readily absorbs this wavelength, the energy rapidly heats intracellular water to over 100°C, creating microscopic vertical columns of vaporization known as microthermal treatment zones (MTZs) ([Altemir & Boixeda, 2022](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35963335/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

Clinical platforms for [CO2 laser scar removal](https://www.scar-healing.com/co2-laser-scar-removal/) deliver energy deep into fibrotic tissue while leaving surrounding tissue bridges intact. Deep fractional modes penetrate up to several millimeters into dense scar bands. This controlled micro-injury triggers a heat-shock response, stimulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and induces organized neocollagenesis. Over several months, irregular type III collagen bundles are gradually replaced with parallel-oriented type I collagen fibers, significantly reducing physical scar thickness and improving tensile pliability ([Chen et al., 2025](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

### Pulsed dye laser for red, thick scars

Pulsed dye lasers operate at 585 to 595 nm, matching the primary absorption peak of oxygenated hemoglobin. Light energy passes through the upper epidermis and is absorbed by dense, dysregulated microvessels within active hypertrophic tissue ([Altemir & Boixeda, 2022](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35963335/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

This concentrated energy causes rapid heating, endothelial coagulation, and thrombosis of aberrant microvessels. For patients seeking a [red scar fading laser](https://www.scar-healing.com/red-scar-fading-laser/), PDL reduces scar erythema while dampening local blood flow. The resulting micro-ischemia downregulates profibrotic cytokine release—such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)—and decreases fibroblast activity. Clinical evidence confirms that PDL effectively lowers the vascularity score on the Vancouver Scar Scale, reduces metabolic scar activity, and helps prevent further hypertrophic progression ([Li et al., 2025](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41003790/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

### Erbium:YAG and gentler lasers

For scars where depth is less problematic than surface irregularities, Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG; 2,940 nm) and fractional non-ablative lasers (1,540–1,550 nm) offer alternative treatment approaches ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

Er:YAG lasers have an absorption coefficient for water roughly 10 to 15 times higher than CO₂ lasers, producing precise superficial ablation with a very narrow zone of residual thermal damage. Fractional non-ablative lasers create coagulative columns without vaporizing the stratum corneum. Modern protocols for [laser scar reduction in 2026](https://www.scar-healing.com/laser-scar-reduction-guide-2026/) often use these modalities to smooth surface textural anomalies, blend marginal step-offs, and treat post-burn dyschromia with minimal downtime ([Bai et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11571841/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

## What research shows about lasers for burn scars

The efficacy of laser treatment on post-burn tissue is well-documented in clinical literature through validated, objective scar assessment tools, including the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), and cutometric elasticity evaluations ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

![comparative laser efficacy reduction chart](https://storage.googleapis.com/ai-templates.appspot.com/temp_images/a0b7b066a2e84c39839ccb9714ea1288.png "comparative laser efficacy reduction chart")

A comprehensive [meta-analysis on laser efficacy and scar age](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0292097&ref=scar-healing.com) analyzing 11 studies with 491 patients demonstrated that laser therapy significantly improves overall VSS/POSAS scores, vascularity, pliability, pigmentation, and scar height ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)). The systematic review revealed that pulsed dye laser delivered a marked standardized mean reduction in total VSS/POSAS scores (-4.35 \[95% CI: -6.83 to -1.86\], p < 0.001) compared to non-ablative (-1.52 \[95% CI: -2.24 to -0.83\], p < 0.001) and ablative systems (-0.95 \[95% CI: -1.31 to -0.59\], p < 0.001) ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

### What laser changes: softness, color and height

Meta-analytic evaluations show an average reduction of approximately 3.37 points in composite VSS/POSAS ratings across laser cohorts ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)). While individual responses vary, patients typically undergo 3 to 6 treatment sessions to achieve substantial tissue softening and measurable height reduction.

![vascularity improvement by scar age](https://storage.googleapis.com/ai-templates.appspot.com/temp_images/f401093156d24738bfa8bf9afdb8e144.png "vascularity improvement by scar age")

Data shows that vascularity improvement is significantly greater when laser intervention is performed on mature scars older than 12 months post-injury (-1.50 SMD \[95% CI: -2.58 to -0.42\], p = 0.01) compared to early interventions under 12 months (-0.39 SMD \[95% CI: -0.68 to -0.10\], p = 0.01) ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Combining fractional ablation with targeted vascular photothermolysis softens fibrotic joint contractures, increases range of motion, and can sometimes reduce the need for surgical scar revision ([Altemir & Boixeda, 2022](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35963335/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Clinical frameworks for these approaches are detailed in current [burn scar laser treatment protocols](https://www.scar-healing.com/burn-scar-laser-treatment-guide/).

### Laser for burn itch and nerve pain

Beyond visual appearance and mechanical tightness, hypertrophic burn scars cause significant subjective discomfort. Clinical studies report that approximately **73% of patients with hypertrophic burn scars experience chronic pruritus, while 68% suffer from localized neuropathic pain**.

![laser decompression and symptom relief pathways](https://storage.googleapis.com/ai-templates.appspot.com/temp_images/f8dfa643f973436cb8f9d966a842280e.png "laser decompression and symptom relief pathways")

Fractional laser therapy provides rapid symptom relief for many patients ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Fractional ablation creates microscopic perforations that decompress trapped sensory nerve endings within the dense, fibrotic extracellular matrix ([Chen et al., 2025](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Simultaneously, laser thermal energy alters local neuroinflammatory profiles by reducing mast cell degranulation and blunting substance P release. Patients often report noticeable reductions in burning sensations and sleep-disrupting itching after their initial laser sessions.

## Combining treatments and timing them

Managing burn scars often requires combining multiple therapies rather than relying on a single laser modality. Sequential photo-electric approaches—such as using PDL to target vascularity followed immediately by fractional CO₂ ablation to remodel structural collagen—provide broader clinical improvement than single-device treatments ([Chen et al., 2025](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

A retrospective study of 200 patients demonstrated that combining pulsed dye laser with ultra-pulse fractional CO₂ achieved an overall effective rate of 96% for early proliferative scars, compared to 80% for CO₂ monotherapy alone ([Chen et al., 2025](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Integrating these laser procedures alongside custom physical therapy, targeted stretching, and medical compression garments helps maximize range of motion throughout the recovery process ([Altemir & Boixeda, 2022](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35963335/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

### Combination plans that have evidence

- **Sequential Vascular and Ablative Laser Application:** Treating the scar with a 595 nm PDL (fluence 4–7 J/cm²) to address microvascular networks, followed by fractional CO₂ (DeepFX/SCAAR FX modes, 30–100 mJ, 3–5% density) to remodel deep fibrotic bands \[\[ADAPTIFY*MEDICAL*CITATION:mc*pmcid*0ce5f0974d3f:INLINE\], \[ADAPTIFY*MEDICAL*CITATION:mc*pmcid*9559c751b137:INLINE\]\].
- **Laser-Assisted Corticosteroid Delivery (LADD):** Applying high-potency topical corticosteroids directly onto the skin immediately after fractional CO₂ ablation, allowing the medication to diffuse through the open microthermal channels ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)).
- **Adipose-Derived Regenerative Biologics:** Injecting autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) alongside fractional laser passes to support extracellular matrix remodeling ([Bai et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11571841/?ref=scar-healing.com)).
- **Adjunctive Systemic Hemorheologic Agents:** Administering oral pentoxifylline alongside scheduled laser sessions to help reduce inflammatory signaling and improve microcirculation.

### When to start laser treatment

The timing of laser therapy after burn trauma has evolved significantly. Historically, clinicians delayed laser resurfacing until scars were fully mature, often waiting 12 to 24 months post-injury. Contemporary systematic reviews indicate that initiating photo-electric intervention during the proliferative and early remodeling phases (typically between 6 and 12 months post-burn) provides superior overall scar score improvement compared to waiting several years ([Bai et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11571841/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

Meta-analytic evaluations show that treatment intervals of **4 to 8 weeks** provide an ideal balance, allowing sufficient time for dermal healing, collagen restructuring, and vascular clearance between sessions ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Shorter intervals (<4 weeks) may accelerate total score reductions but carry a higher risk of persistent post-inflammatory dyschromia ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

### Laser-assisted drugs and biologic add-ons

Fractional ablative lasers create vertical microchannels that temporarily disrupt the stratum corneum, enabling *laser-assisted drug delivery* (LADD) ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Hydrophilic, high-molecular-weight therapeutic compounds that otherwise cannot penetrate intact scar tissue can diffuse uniformly through these open microscopic pores:

![laser-assisted drug delivery timeline](https://storage.googleapis.com/ai-templates.appspot.com/temp_images/c2ccad6e4c5b462e977f56af9faf1bc8.jpg "laser-assisted drug delivery timeline")

A [prospective clinical study on laser-assisted clobetasol delivery](https://jcasonline.com/efficacy-of-fractional-carbon-dioxide-laser-assisted-drug-delivery-in-the-management-of-post-burn-scars-a-prospective-study/?ref=scar-healing.com) demonstrated that applying 0.05% clobetasol propionate under occlusion immediately after fractional CO₂ laser led to significant improvements in pigment, scar thickness, and pliability starting after the very first treatment session. Overall modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) scores decreased from a baseline of 9.9 ± 1.6 down to 4.4 ± 1.1 at the study endpoint, achieving a roughly 55% improvement in overall scar severity without systemic adverse effects.

![SVF combined with CO2 laser efficacy](https://storage.googleapis.com/ai-templates.appspot.com/temp_images/329083c753894a60b07d38791b635a2a.png "SVF combined with CO2 laser efficacy")

In a double-blind [randomized controlled trial on fractional CO2 combined with SVF](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13287-023-03480-8?ref=scar-healing.com), combining autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) injections with fractional CO₂ laser yielded significantly better VSS scores (improving from 7.50 to 4.80, p < 0.0001) compared to laser alone (improving from 7.40 to 5.90, p = 0.007). The combined approach also demonstrated notable improvements in skin elasticity, dermal density on ultrasound, and patient-physician satisfaction ratings.

Oral pharmacologic adjuncts may offer additional benefits. A randomized controlled trial evaluating oral pentoxifylline (400 mg twice daily) alongside fractional CO₂ laser noted reductions in scar pigmentation subscores and higher overall patient satisfaction compared to laser monotherapy alone, with no reported adverse events ([Chen et al., 2025](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

## Choosing a provider and what it costs

Laser treatment protocols must be customized based on scar location, surface area, and individual patient anatomy:

- **Anesthesia Considerations:** Small, localized scars can often be managed in an outpatient clinic using high-concentration topical anesthetics (e.g., 23%/7% lidocaine/tetracaine formulations) applied under occlusion for 60 minutes, occasionally paired with local nerve blocks ([Chen et al., 2025](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com)). For extensive burn scars spanning entire limbs, joint contractures, or pediatric cases, procedures are typically performed under intravenous sedation or general anesthesia in an operating room setting.
- **Downtime and Recovery:** Immediately following fractional ablative resurfacing, the skin appears pinpoint-bleeding, edematous, and red, with most patients describing a sensation similar to a moderate sunburn. Re-epithelialization of the microthermal channels usually completes within 1 to 3 days, during which the treated area is protected with plain petrolatum ointments and non-adherent dressings ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)).
- **Skin Phototype Safety:** Patients with deeper complexions (Fitzpatrick Skin Phototypes IV–VI) face a higher baseline risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) or hypopigmentation. Clinicians can improve safety by reducing pulse energy, decreasing fractional density, extending intervals between sessions, and using cooling handpieces, as detailed in the clinical guide on [laser safety for darker skin tones](https://www.scar-healing.com/laser-scar-removal-for-dark-skin/) ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)).
- **Clinical Contraindications:** Absolute and relative contraindications include active bacterial, viral (such as untreated HSV), or fungal infections at the treatment site; systemic isotretinoin therapy within the preceding 6 months; poorly controlled connective tissue disorders; active skin cancer; and unstable, unepithelialized open wounds.
- **Insurance Coverage and Prior Authorization:** The American Burn Association recognizes laser therapy as an established standard of care for symptomatic burn scars. However, obtaining insurance authorization often requires thorough documentation of functional impairment. Clinicians should document joint range-of-motion deficits, persistent neuropathic pain, or severe pruritus unresponsive to oral medications, supported by high-resolution clinical photography and standardized goniometric measurements.

## Frequently Asked Questions About Burn Scar Laser Procedures

### How many laser sessions are required for significant burn scar improvement?

Most clinical protocols recommend a series of 3 to 6 laser sessions spaced 4 to 8 weeks apart ([Ma et al., 2023](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com)). Because each fractional treatment ablates or coagulates approximately 3% to 15% of the target tissue area, multiple sessions are required to achieve cumulative collagen remodeling, measurable scar thinning, and meaningful improvements in tissue pliability ([Chen et al., 2025](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com)).

### What is the expected recovery timeline and post-procedure care?

The immediate post-laser recovery period is relatively short. Treated skin remains erythematous, warm, and moderately swollen for 24 to 72 hours, resembling a sunburn ([Klifto et al., 2020](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com)). The microscopic perforations typically re-epithelialize within 1 to 3 days. Post-procedure care involves applying bland occlusive ointments, avoiding direct sun exposure, using broad-spectrum physical sunscreen once healed, and avoiding hot water immersion until the epidermal barrier has fully recovered.

### Does medical insurance cover laser therapy for hypertrophic burn scars?

Coverage depends on insurance policies and documentation of medical necessity. While procedures performed purely for cosmetic scar revision are typically excluded, laser treatment for hypertrophic burn scars that impair joint mobility, interfere with activities of daily living, or cause chronic, medication-resistant pain and pruritus is frequently covered when accompanied by detailed functional documentation and prior authorization.

## Laser therapy: the bottom line

Managing hypertrophic burn scars requires a clear understanding of scar biology and available technology. By matching the clinical problem—severe thickness, restricted joint mobility, prominent erythema, or chronic itching—to fractional CO₂ lasers, pulsed dye lasers, or non-ablative platforms, clinicians can significantly improve scar pliability and surface texture \[\[ADAPTIFY*MEDICAL*CITATION:mc*pmid*687da6d8f28d:INLINE\], \[ADAPTIFY*MEDICAL*CITATION:mc*pmcid*441584a0c1c7:INLINE\]\]. While laser therapy does not completely erase burn scars, incorporating these treatments into a broader rehabilitation plan helps restore physical function, ease persistent symptoms, and support long-term skin recovery. To explore personalized guidance for your scar's specific characteristics, complete a [personalized scar assessment](https://www.scar-healing.com/scar-assessment/).

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.

## Works Cited

1. Altemir A, Boixeda P. “[Laser Treatment of Burn Scars](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35963335/?ref=scar-healing.com).” *Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas*, 2022.
2. Ma Y, Barnes SP, Chen YY, Moiemen NS, Lord JM, Sardeli AV. “[Influence of scar age, laser type and laser treatment intervals on adult burn scars: A systematic review and meta-analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529539/?ref=scar-healing.com).” *PLoS One*, 2023.
3. Chen XJ, Wu D, Kang SX, et al. “[Assessment of ultra-pulse CO2 laser therapy in comparison to sequential laser and drug treatments for scar reduction](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922416/?ref=scar-healing.com).” *Medicine*, 2025.
4. Li P, Zhang Q, Tao C, Liang H, Li D. “[Pulsed dye laser, fractional CO2 laser, or combination for burn scar treatment: a systematic review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41003790/?ref=scar-healing.com).” *Lasers in Medical Science*, 2025.
5. Bai Y, Zhang Y, Ni W, Yao M. “[Laser, Intense Pulsed Light, and Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Burn Scarring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11571841/?ref=scar-healing.com).” *European Burn Journal*, 2023.
6. Klifto KM, Asif M, Hultman CS. “[Laser management of hypertrophic burn scars: a comprehensive review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7175764/?ref=scar-healing.com).” *Burns & Trauma*, 2020.